组织损伤课件英文.pptVIP

Pathology Introduction 1. What is Pathology: 1) Scientific study of disease Causes (etiology) mechanisms (pathogenesis) 2) manifestation progress sequelsInvestigation ofmorphology 2. Status of Pathology: a bridge Anatomy Histology and embryology Physiology Biochemistry Cytology microbiologypathologyClinical medicine 3. Contents of pathologypathologyGeneral pathologySystemic pathologyCell,tissue damagerepairDisorders of vascular flowInflammationNeoplasm……Cardiovascular systemRespiratory systemDigestive system…… 4. Methods in pathology Autopsy Biopsy Cytology Electron-microscopy tissue and cell cultivation Animal experiment molecular biology 5. morphological observations: Gross levelLight microscopy Chapter 1Cell injury and adaptation IntroductionCells maintain normal homeostasis Physiologic stressesPathologic stimulicellsadaptationAtrophyhypertrophy hyperplasiametaplasia injuryDegeneration (reversible)Cell death (irreversible) Adaptation（适应）1. Atrophy (萎缩）2. Hypertrophy (肥大)3. Hyperplasia (增生)4. Metaplasia (化生) Atrophy (萎缩）Shrinkage in the size of the normal cell, tissue and organ by the loss of cell substance. Decrease in Cell size or number Causes and types1. Aging (生理性~)2. Inadequate nutrition/ diminished blood supply (营养不良性~)3. Pressure (压迫性~)4. Reduced functional activity (废用性~)5. Interrupted nerve supply (去神经性~)6. Endocrine deficiency (内分泌性~) Pathologic changes Grossly: The entire tissue or organ diminishes in size ,weight and function.