高英广岛核爆.pptxVIP

高英广岛核爆第1页/共28页 Background Process ResultgContents Debate over bombings Causes第2页/共28页 BackgroundWhat is a Nuclear weapon?第3页/共28页 A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or a combination of fission(裂变） and fusion（聚变）. Both reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively small amouts of matter.Einstein: The Theory of Relatively (E=mc2)第4页/共28页 16 July 1945Los AlamosNew Mexico→ 3 years research2000000000 dollarsticks of dynamite(炸药） Nuclear Weapon第5页/共28页 On 26th July 1945In the summer of 1945Causes第6页/共28页 Nazi Germany surrended Japanese defended to death ?Japans defeat was decided, but Japans furious resistance in Okinawa (冲绳）and other places led to a large number of Allied officers and soldiers .第7页/共28页 a full-scale invasion →the Allies: 1000000 casualtiesthe Japanese: 1000000 casualties第8页/共28页 At the same time, the Japanese held the Special War Direction Council to decide what course to follow next. Priminister Suzuki and Foriegn Minister Togo were considering a negociated settlement, but Army minister General Anami was determined to fight on. 1. Soviet mediation 2. All-out final battle3. The Samurai spirit (武士精神）entire nation in arms (全民皆兵）第9页/共28页 The processThen, when the American President, Harry Truman had just arrived in Berlin on 16th July for the Potsdam Conference where he was meeting his fellow Allied leaders, the Japans destiny was doomed. Truman would use the nuclear weapon to spare the soldiers from invading the Japanese Home Islands. But before going ahead with the new bomb, Truman gave the Japanese one last chance to surrender by softening the surrender terms from the total unconditional surrender to the unconditional surrender. the Potsdam Conference → Edward Heath Harry Truman Stalin第10页/共28页 Soon, The ultimatum(最后通牒）(a f