大学生物专业英语.pptxVIP

大学生物专业英语第1页/共49页 2023/5/302repository n.贮藏室, 智囊团, 知识库, 仓库chromosome n.[生物]染色体histone n.[生化]组蛋白nucleosome n.[生化]核小体chromatin n.核染质, 染色质pictorial adj.图示的 n.画报karyotype n.[生物] 染色体组型homologous pair 同源染色体对autosome n.正染色体, 常染色体第2页/共49页 2023/5/303diploid adj.双重的, n.二倍体haploid n.[生物]单倍体 adj.单一的immortal adj.不朽的Chalone n.[生化]抑素prophase n. (细胞分裂)前期chromatid n.[生物]染色单体centromere n.[生]着丝点, 着丝粒metaphase n.中期anaphase n.[生](细胞分裂的)后期第3页/共49页 2023/5/304Telophase n.[生](细胞有丝分裂的)末期kinetochore n.[生]动粒, 着丝粒, 着丝点cytokinesis n.细胞浆移动, 原浆移动pinching v.收聚cell plate 细胞板mitosis n.有丝分裂meiosis n.减数分裂, 成熟分裂第4页/共49页 2023/5/305Halving 对分, 二等分, 减半Synapsis 联会synaptinemal complex 联会复合物Asexual adj.无性的, 无性生殖的catastrophic adj.悲惨的, 灾难的Elimination n.排除, 除去, 消除, 消灭第5页/共49页 2023/5/3061. The nucleus and chromosomes第6页/共49页 2023/5/307The cell nucleus is the main repository of genetic information. 细胞核是贮藏遗传信息的主要场所。Within the nucleus are the chromosomes—tightly coiled strands of DNA and clusters of associated proteins.细胞核里的是染色体－－紧密盘绕成螺旋的DNA链和相关的成簇蛋白质。第7页/共49页 2023/5/308 Long stretches of the continuous DNA molecule wind around these clusters of proteins, or histones, forming beadlike complexes known as nucleosomes. 长链DNA分子缠绕着成簇的蛋白质，或组蛋白，形成珠链状的核小体。第8页/共49页 2023/5/309More coiling and supercoiling produces a dense chromosome structure. 进一步的螺旋和超螺旋形成致密的染色体组结构。Each long strand of DNA combine with histones and nonhistone proteins to make up the substance chromatin.每个长链DNA与组蛋白和非组蛋白一起构成染色质物质。 第9页/共49页 2023/5/3010A pictorial display of an organisms chromosomes in the coiled, condensed state is known as a karyotype.生物体中的致密的超螺旋状态的染色体的表型称为核型Karyotype reveal that in most cells all but sex chromosomes are present as two copies, referred to as homologous pairs. 表型显示：在大多数细胞里，除了性染色体外，其它的染色体都是成对出现的，称之为同源染色体对。第10页/共49页 2023/5/3011Non-sex chromosomes are called autosomes. 非性染色体称常染色体。Organisms whose cells contain two sets of parental chromosomes are called diploid; those with cells containing a single set of parental chromosomes are cal