语法基本知识之词法和句法学案2022-2023学年初高中英语衔接课程.docxVIP

article (art.) article (art.) numeral (num.) noun (n.) pronoun (pron.) verb (v.) adjective (adj.) adverb (adv.) preposition (prep.) conjunction (conj.) countable noun ( cn.) uncountable noun (un.) 语法基本知识--词法 I.英语中常见的词性有哪些? 冠词 数词 名词 代词 动词 形容词 副词 介词 连词 名词又分为： 可数名词 不可数名词 以下划线动词有什么不同？ He is writing a letter. The tower was designed by Gilbert Scott. My watch stopped. He is lookingat me. He is listening to the music. 请比较以下相同动词在不同语境中的用法: We are playing basketball. Children are playing and chasing each other. Tom left last week. Never left children playing near water unattended. 小结：动词分为及物动词transitive verb (vt.)和不及物动词intransitive verb (vi.)，及物动词后面必须加宾语,不及物动词不能接宾语,如需加宾语，宾语前需加介 可。及物动词直被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。 练习：请说出以下词的词性： desk he water that safe one first here great hard eat arrive have and but tea II.构词法： .英语构词法主要有三种：派生，转化，合成。 派生(derivation)一 通过加前缀和后缀构成另一个词。 Eg. happy- unhappy- happiness 转化(conversion)-由一个词类变为另一个词类。 Eg. water n. --- water v. 合成(compounding)--由两个或更多的词构成一个词。 Eg. wood+ cut= woodcut 木亥lj Happy+ go +lucky = happy- go - lucky 无忧无虑 .派生： an, a, the in prefer--- preference guide - guidance assist prefer--- preference guide - guidance assist ——assistance 后缀： 1)转换为名词 exist--- existence appear- appearance enter ——entrance refer--- reference perform--- performance insure ——insurance introduce ——introduction小结 1： - ence, -ance produce--- production reduce introduce ——introduction consume - consumption destroy - destruction receive - reception intend --- intention reserve --- reservation conserve ——conservation assume --- assumption describe - description solve - solution define --- definition preserve - preservation observe -——observation starve --- starvation 辨析：reserve, preserve, conserve Reserve: (to arrange for a place in a hotel, restaurant, plane etc to be kept for you touse at a particular time in the future) Id like to reserve a table for two. Do you have to reserve tickets for advance? Preserve, conserve (to protect sth. and prevent it from changing or being damaged)