IEA：2023年全球电动汽车展望（EN）【下(共两册)】.pdfVIP

Global EV Outlook 2023 Catching up with climate ambitions Policy support for electric heavy-duty vehicles New EU CO2 standards for trucks and buses could be a step-change The European Commission released proposed revisions of the regulation on HDV emissions in February 2023. The scope of the proposed regulation includes smaller trucks, city buses, long-distance buses, and trailers, to cover 95% of sectoral emissions, up from about 70% currently. This demonstrates a step-up in ambition: the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) estimates that the new regulations could achieve sectoral emissions reduction of over 75% by 2050 relative to 2020. The revisions would increase targets for CO2 emissions reductions to 45% by 2030 relative to 2019, 65% by 2035, and 90% by 2040. Furthermore, all city buses should be ZEVs by 2030. Compliance will be measured separately for passenger (bus and coach) and freight vehicles via a system of credits and debts settled at the end of five-year periods between 2025 and 2040. Additionally, the definition of ZEV applied is changing, increasing from 1 gCO2 per vehicle-km to 5 gCO2 per tonne-km (tkm) to allow for dual fuel. Trading between economically linked entities (e.g. between brands at the same parent company) is allowed to help meet targets. The minimum range of long-haul trucks is defined as 350 km, and financial penalties are applied for non-compliance. Several European Union member countries are strengthening sup