基于stpa与fta方法的机场运行安全分析研究.docx

摘要 针对民用航空安全分析，现有STPA和 FTA两种方法。 STPA是基于系统理论事故模型和过程 (STAMP) 的一种自顶向下的系统分析工具，从安全分析的角度分析较为复杂的系统。 STAMP: 模型基 于系统理论和控制理论，将系统的安全性问题看作系统的涌现性而对系统部件行为和交互进行约束， 即认为系统的安全状态是由系统对部件行为和部件间交互施加安全约束而得以保持或加强的.故障树 分析法(FTA)是一种传统的演绎方法，它把系统不希望发生的事件作为故障树的顶事件，用规定的逻 辑符号自上而下地分析导致顶事件发生的所有可能的直接原因，以及相互的逻辑关系，直至找到原因 为止。 当下多数人认为STPA较传统方法先进，但是其相较于FTA 的优缺点还不够明确。本文将通过 两者的对比分析，从其概念、分析流程、控制结构入手。说明STPA 相较于FTA 的优越性和适用性， 同时也对其缺点进行分析并提出改进建议。可为安全分析方法的选择提供进一步的参考。 关键词： STPA方法；故障树分析 (FTA) 方法；人的因素；安全性 A Comparative Study on STPA and FTA Based on Airport Operation Safety Abstract For safety analysis of civil aviation, existing STPA and FTA. STPA is a top - down system analysis tool based on system theoretical accident models and processes(stamp), analyzing more complex systems from the perspective of safety analysis. The stamp: model is based on system theory and control theory, Considering the security problem of the system, restricting the behavior and interaction of the system components. That is, the belief that the safe state of the system is maintained or strengthened by the system of security constraints on the component behavior and the interaction between components. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a traditional interpretation method, It takes events that the system does not want to occur as the top event of the fault tree, Analyze all possible direct causes of the top events with prescribed logical symbols, And the mutual logical relationship, Until the reason is found. Most today consider STPA more advanced than traditional methods, But the advantages and disadvantages of it compared to FTA are not clear enough. This paper will use the comparative analysis, from its concept, analysis process and control structure. It shows