《基于模型检验的需求不一致研究与消解》.pdf

基于模型检验的需求不一致与冲突消解的研究 摘 要 随着软件规模的增大，软件需求分析也变的越来越重要，使用目前的一些建 模和分析方法有一定的效果，但在理论和实践方面还存在着描述的需求不一致、 变更困难等问题，本文针对这些问题进行了以下研究： 为了发现需求描述中的不一致问题，首先使用自然语言对需求描述进行相 似度计算，为模型检验提供定位策略。然后，通过对自然语言的分解提取，形 成自动机模型，自动机模型和属性规约同时交由模型检验工具进行验证，最 后，由模型检验工具得出与属性规约一致或者不一致的地方。 为了对发现的需求冲突进行消解，首先对不同的需求进行分类，分成功能 性需求和非功能性需求，对用功能性需求采用需求关联度的方法进行消解，对 于非功能性需求采用代价权衡策略进行冲突消解。最后通过一个样例说明了提 出方法的可靠性，因此，本文在提高软件需求质量方面有一定的理论意义和应 用价值。 关键词：模型检验； 需求相似度； 需求关联度；代价权衡策略 Research on requirement inconsistency and conflict resolution based on model checking Abstract With the increase of software scale, software requirement analysis is becoming more and more important. Using some current modeling and analysis methods has certain effect, but there are still some problems in theory and practice, such as inconsistent requirements and change difficulties. This paper studies these problems as follows: In order to find the inconsistencies in the requirement description, we first use natural language to calculate the similarity of the requirement description and provide the positioning strategy for the model test. Then, through the decomposition and extraction of natural language, an automata model is formed. The automata model and the attribute specification are submitted to the model checking tool for verification at the same time. Finally, the consistency or inconsistency between the model checking tool and the attribute specification is obtained. In order to resolve the conflict of requirements, firstly, different requirements are classified into functional requirements and non functional requirements. The functional requirements are resolved by the method of demand relevance, and the non functional requirements are resolved by the cost trade-off strat