人民大2023张道真英语语法（第三版）（精华版）课件Chapter 7.pptx

张道真英语语法A COMPREHENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR 精华版第三版桂林学院英语语法教师团队 非谓语动词 Chapter 7 一、不定式 1.1 不定式概说（1）不定式有两种，一种是带 to 的不定式，一种是不带 to 的不定式。She went out to do some shopping.（带 to 的不定式）Let me do it.（不带 to 的不定式）不带 to 的不定式和动词原形相同，也被称作 bare infinitive（光秃不定式）。但在大多数情况下不定式都是带 to 的，因此，说不定式时通常都指带 to 的不定式。如果不带 to 则特别加以说明。（2）不定式在句中可以充当许多成分：① 构成谓语：You ought to know that. ② 作主语：To talk to him is to talk to the wall. ③ 作宾语：What are you trying to do? ④ 作定语：Do you have anything to declare? ⑤ 作状语：They went to West Africa to see the wild animals. ⑥ 作表语：Mary’s task is to set the table. （3）不定式仍具有动词的一些特点，如：① 可以有自己的宾语：I asked him to tell me his name. ② 可以有自己的状语：I’d prefer to go by bike. （4）不定式具有时态和语态的形式，以表达不同意义。?主动形式被动形式一般式完成式进行式—完成进行式—不定式加上它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语（infinitive phrase），但为了省事，下面谈到不定式时都包括不定式短语。to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have been done ① 不定式虽然不能有自己的主语，但在意思上仍可能有执行动作的人（或东西），称为逻辑上的主语（logical subject)。 She taught me to sing. I am glad to meet you. ② 当逻辑上的主语和不定式有被动关系时，不定式就需要用被动形式： There are a lot of things to be done. ③不定式前面由 for 引起的短语，是它逻辑上的主语，如： It’s difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. It is foolish for him to be selfish. 1.2 不定式构成谓语的情况不定式构成谓语的情况主要有下面几类： （1）不带 to 的不定式和情态动词构成谓语：You should see a doctor. （2）不带 to 的不定式和某些助动词构成谓语：Do you come here tonight? （3）不定式和某些动词或词组构成谓语：Where are you going to stay tonight? （4）不定式和某些形容词构成的复合谓语：He is bound to win the tennis match. （5）不定式和某些被动结构构成的复合谓语：He is said to know many languages. 1.3 不定式作主语的用法 （1）直接做主语： （2）用 it 作先行主语，而把不定式（也就是真正的主语）后置：To raise wages means increasing purchasing power. ① It+ be + 形容词 + 不定式：② It+ be + 形容词 +for 引起的短语 + 不定式：③ It+ be + 形容词 + of 引起的短语 + 不定式： It’s important to know your own limitations. It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. It was selfish of him not to contribute anything. ④ It + 名词 + 不定式： It’s a pity to leave so early. ⑤ It+ 动词（+ 宾语）+ 不定式： How long did it take you to get here? ⑥ It + be + 介词短语 + 不定式： It is against my principles to work