人民大2023张道真英语语法（第三版）（精华版）课件Chapter 6.pptx

张道真英语语法A COMPREHENSIVE ENGLISH GRAMMAR 精华版第三版桂林学院英语语法教师团队 助动词和情态动词 Chapter 6 一、助动词 1.1 助动词（1）常用助动词?英语中完全用作助动词的有三组词：be, am, are, is, was, were, been, beinghave, has, had, havingdo, does, did（2）介于情态动词和助动词的词shall，will，should，would 虽然也是助动词，有时作用却接近情态动词，可以说是介于助动词与情态动词之间的词。 1.2 be的用法（1）be 作助动词的用法① 构成各种进行时态：I am waiting for a reply. （现在进行时）I’ll be here. I’ll be helping them. （将来进行时）They were hunting for jobs. （过去进行时）What have you been doing since? （现在完成进行时） 1.2 be的用法② 构成各种被动语态及被动形式：Smoking is not permitted here. He was fined $200. （2）be作系动词的用法（后面可跟名词、形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语等）We are pretty good swimmers. （名词）To know everything is to know nothing. （不定式）Be seated. （分词） 1.2 be的用法He had (has) been in Germany for six years. （介词短语） Don’t be silly, child. （形容词）（3）be 作实义动词（表示动作）How long ago was it (=did it happen)? The party will be (=take place) in a week. What must be, must be. 该发生的事总是要发生的。（谚语）? 1.2 be的用法?（4）be+ 不定式结构I am to see him today at six o’clock. （按计划安排要发生的事或打算做的事，接近 be going to）The worst is still to come. (将来必然发生的事) If we are to be there in time, we’ll have to hurry up. （用在条件句中，表示“如果想……”） I was to have seen him last Wednesday, but he did not come. （可和不定式的完成形式一道用，表示“本来打算……”） 1.2 be的用法?（5）have been 结构How long have you been an actor? （用作现在完成时）By tomorrow, I will have been a teacher for ten years. （用来构成将来完成时）The boxer has been training very hard. （用作完成进行时）He has been nominated for president. （用于被动语态）Have you ever been to Japan? （have been to 表示“到过某地方”） 1.3 have的用法（1）have作助动词You haven’t been abroad before, have you? （2）have 作实义动词He had an American accent. 1.4 do的用法（1）do 作助动词时① 用在一般现在时及一般过去时中，构成疑问句、否定句或倒装句：When do we meet again? I don’t care what she thinks. Never did I see him again. ② 加在动词前，表示强调：I do hope you’ll stay for lunch. 1.4 do的用法（2）do 作及物动词① 和一个名词（代词）连用表示“做（某事）”：I used to do business with them.② 和动名词连用（在翻译时，常有较灵活的译法）： Martin did no reading that night. 马丁那天晚上没看书。 ③ 和一个名词连用，根据该名词搭配或场景理解句意，翻译较灵活：They do the kitchen and bathrooms every day. 他们每天打扫厨房和浴室。 1.4 do的用法（3）do 作不及物