(完整)初中英语五种基本句型.docVIP

PAGE6 / NUMPAGES6 五种基本句型 英语句子由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语等成分构成，依据不同的组合方式，英语简单句有五种基本句型。 基本句型综述 主语+系动词+表语 S+V+P 主语+不及物动词 S+V 主语+及物动词+宾语 S+V+O 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+V+IO+DO 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 S+V+O+OC （一）S+V+P: 主语+系动词+表语 The apples are red. My sister is out now. He became a scientist. His face goes red. It grew dark. 系动词分为： 1. 状态系动词 表示一种状态 如：be; seem （似乎） ； keep （保持）；stay 2. 感官系动词 如：sound ; look ; smell ; taste ; feel 3. 变成系动词 如：become ; turn ; get ; go; grow （二）S+V: 主语+不及物动词 不能直接带宾语的动词是不及物动词。 Birds fly. Class begins. He runs in the park. We stopped to have a rest. His first book came out in 2003. He didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 注意： 常见的只能当不及物动词的词。 sleep 睡觉 come 来 walk 步行 work 工作 swim 游泳 laugh 笑 happen/take place 发生 stay 呆在…… go 去 arrive 到达 （三）S+V+O: 主语+及物动词+宾语 可以直接带宾语的动词是及物动词。 She likes English. I bought a book yesterday. I know him very well. Jack wrote a book in high school. They want to go. He stopped writing. 注意： 有些不及物动词后面加上介词就相当于一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。 You must listen to me. （四）S+V+IO+DO: 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语，二者合称为双宾语。 有些动词，除了带直接宾语外，还要带一个间接宾语。 概念： 直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。 间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的，所以只能是名词或宾格代词担当。 两种句型的相互转换： 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 =主语+及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语（直前间后间前介） Give me the book. =Give the book to me. He gave Tom a book yesterday. =He gave a book to Tom yesterday. He will buy me some books. =He will buy some books for me. She made me a cake. =He made a cake for me. 注意： 当直接宾语是人称代词时，必须用第二种句型（直前间后间前介）。 I pass it to my mother. She threw them to me. Give it to me. “疑问词+不定式”作直接宾语时，必须用第一种句型（直接宾语放在后面）。 句型：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（疑问词+不定式） He taught me how to read the word. He asked me why to sing this song. I told him what to do. She asked me which way to go. 常带双宾语的动词。 A: 动词后加to give 给 show 给……看 send 寄 pass 传递 lend 借给 hand 交给 tell 告诉 return 归还 write 写信 throw 扔 offer 提供 sell 卖 B: 动词后加for make 制造 buy 买 do 做 get 得到 play 演奏 order 为……订购 sing 唱歌 fe