高中英语教学：27-发表负结果有益于科学进步2.docx

优点英语 原文期刊：科学家 原文标题：Publish Negative Results 文章主要亮点有：①“科学界应重视发表那些负向或失败的研究结果”观点不同寻常，有助于科学界深思；②论证手法多样（对比，因果，引用等）；③结构明确，按照“提出观点（第一段）——论证观点（第二至五段）——分析观点所涉错误现象产生的原因（第六段）——总结收篇，重申观点（第七段）”的脉络展开论述。 【原文】 ⅠHypothesis-driven research is at the heart of scientific endeavor, and it is often the positive,confirmatory?data that get the most attention and guide further research. But many studies produce non-confirmatory data—observations that?refute current ideas and carefully constructed hypotheses. And it can be argued that these “negative?data,” far from having little value in science, are actually an integral?part of scientific progress that deserve more attention. ⅡAt first glance, this may seem a little nonsensical; after all, how can non-confirmatory results help science to progress when they fail to substantiate?anything? But in fact, in a philosophical sense, only negative data resulting in?rejection?of a hypothesis represent real progress. As philosopher of science Karl Popper stated: “Every refutation should be regarded as a great success; not merely a success of the scientist who refuted the theory, but also of the scientist who created the refuted theory and who thus in the first instance suggested, if only indirectly, the refuting experiment.” ? ⅢOn a more practical level, Journal of Negative Results in Biomedicine (JNRBM) was?launched?on the premise?that scientific progress depends not only on the?accomplishments?of individuals but requires teamwork and open communication of all results—positive and negative. After all, the scientific community?can only learn from negative results if the data are published.? ⅣThough not every negative result will turn out to be of?groundbreaking?significance, it is?imperative to be aware of the more balanced perspective that can result from the publication of non-confirmatory findings. The first and most obvious benefits of publishing negative results are a reduction in the duplication?of effort between researchers, leading to the?acc