语言学第2章ppt课件(1).ppt

Chapter 2PHONOLOGY1An Introduction to Linguistics Interesting Facts about Speech SoundsThe sixth sick sheiks sixth sheeps sick is said to be the toughest tongue twister in English.The longest one syllable word in he English language is screeched.No word in the English language rhymes with month.2An Introduction to Linguistics Outline of Chapter 22.1 The phonic medium of language2.2 Phonetics2.2.1 What is phonetics?2.2.2 Organs of speech2.2.3 Orthographic representation of speech sounds2.2.4 Classification of speech sounds2.3 Phonology2.3.1 Phonology and phonetics2.3.2 Phone, phoneme, and allophone2.3.3 Phonemic contrast, etc2.3.4 Some rules in phonology2.3.5 Suprasegmental features3An Introduction to Linguistics 2.1 The phonic medium of language In PHONETICS, “phonic” is a term used mean ‘relating to speech sounds’:e.g. the phonic medium, the phonic method of teaching reading, a phonic reader (a book).4An Introduction to Linguistics 2.2 Phonetics2.2.1 What is phonetics?Phonetics is the study of the phonic medium of language. Phonetics is the science which studies the characteristics of human sound-making, especially those sounds used in speech, and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. 5An Introduction to Linguistics Sub-disciplines of Phoneticsarticulatory phoneticsacoustic phoneticsauditory phonetics 6An Introduction to Linguistics Auditory Phonetics is a branch of phonetics which studies the phonetics from the hearer’s point of view and studies the impression a speech sound makes on the hearer as mediated by the ears, the auditory nerve, and the brain, that is, how sounds are are perceived by the hearer. 9An Introduction to Linguistics 2.2.2 Organs of speech10An Introduction to Linguistics LipsTeethTeeth ridge (alveolar)Hard palateSoft palate (velum)UvulaTip of tongueBlade of tongueBack of tongueVocal cordsPharyngeal cavityNasal cavity 11An Introduction to Linguistics Organs of speech: three important areasPharyngeal