《行为科学统计精要-8e》-PPT-gwE8Ch01.pptx

Chapter 1: Introduction to StatisticsPowerPoint Lecture SlidesEssentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences Eighth Editionby Frederick J Gravetter and Larry B. Wallnau Learning Outcomes1Know key statistical terms2Know key measurement terms3Know key research terms4Know the place of statistics in science5Understand summation notation Statistics requires basic math skillsInadequate basic math skills puts you at risk in this courseAppendix A Math Skills Assessment helps you determine if you need a skills reviewAppendix A Math Skills Review provides a quick refresher course on those areas.The final Math Skills Assessment identifies your basic math skills competenceMath Skills Assessment 1.1 Statistics, Science and Observations“Statistics” means “statistical procedures”Uses of StatisticsOrganize and summarize informationDetermine exactly what conclusions are justified based on the results that were obtained Goals of statistical proceduresAccurate and meaningful interpretationProvide standardized evaluation procedures 1.2 Populations and SamplesPopulationThe set of all the individuals of interest in a particular studyVary in size; often quite largeSampleA set of individuals selected from a populationUsually intended to represent the population in a research study Figure 1.1Relationship between population and sample Variables and DataVariableCharacteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different individualsData (plural)Measurements or observations of a variableData setA collection of measurements or observationsA datum (singular) A single measurement or observation Commonly called a score or raw score Parameters and StatisticsParameterA value, usually a numerical value, that describes a populationDerived from measurements of the individuals in the populationStatistic A value, usually a numerical value, that describes a sample Derived from measurements of the individuals in the sample Descriptive Inferential StatisticsDescrip