2023年新托福历年真题长难句突破【句式结构分类讲解＋句子翻译＋核心词汇】.pdf

第1章　长难句句式结构分类讲解 新托福试题的一大特色就是篇幅中有很多长难句，而所谓的长难句就是众多语法结构按照一定的语法顺序堆砌起来的句子。 1.1　长难句分类 1带有较多成分的简单句 简单句的句子主干类型有五种：amp;#129;主系表amp;#130;主谓amp;#131;主谓宾④主谓宾宾⑤主谓宾补。 在句子主干上进行扩充，如增添定语、状语等就构成了此类句子。如： A. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical i
trumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicia
of the 20th century. 本句主干是classical i
trumentalists ... compete with...。第一部分是for引导的介词短语作状语，说明目的。第二部分虽然句子很长，但结构较简单，其宾语是由表示递进关系的关联词组not only...but also连接的两部分，of the 20th century做后置定语修饰musicia
。 B. The emphasis on data gathered fi
t-hand, combined with a cross-cultural pe
pective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. 这句话的一个显著特点就是主语很长，主语其实是两个并列的结构用combined with来连接。 2含有多个简单句的并列句 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有：and, but, or, so等。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。如： A. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred yea
ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 本句的句子结构比较简单，是由and连接的并列句。 B. Children will play with dolls equipped with pe
onality chips, compute
with in-built pe
onalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. 这是一个由四个并列句组成的句子。equipped with pe
onality chips作定语修饰dolls。 3含有多个从句的复合句 此类句子是指一个从句中嵌套另一个从句，句子较长。如： A. Markete
have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. because引导原因状语从句，其中包括that引导的宾语从句；该宾语从句中，if引导条件状语从句。 B. Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast w