首都师范大学《876英语学科教学》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

2010年首都师范大学876英语学科教学考研真题及详解一、请用英语解释下列名词，并举例说明：（每题8分，共40分） 1 second language 【参考答案】A pe
on’s second language or L2 is a language that is not the native language of the speaker, but that is used in the locale of that pe
on. For example, English is used primarily as second language for Chinese students. More informally, a second language can be said to be any language learned in addition to ones native language, especially in the context of second-language acquisition (that is, learning a new foreign language). 2 negative tra
fer 【参考答案】 Language tra
fer (also known as L1 interference, linguistic interference, and cross-linguistic influence) refe
to speake
or write
applying knowledge from one language to another language. It is the tra
fer of linguistic features between languages in the speech repertoire of a bilingual or multilingual individual, whether from fi
t to second, second to fi
t or many other relatio
hips. When the relevant unit or structure of both languages is the different, linguistic interference as a source of erro
can result in negative tra
fer. For example, German learne
who said ‘I have hungry’ for ‘I am hungry’ would be displaying negative tra
fer. 3 informal L2 learning 【参考答案】Informal L2 learning is any L2 learning that is not formal learning or non-formal learning, such as self-directed learning or learning from experience. Informal learning is organized differently than formal and non-formal learning because it has no set objective in terms of learning outcomes and is never intentional from the learner’s standpoint. For all learne
this includes heuristic language building, socialization, enculturation, and play. Informal learning is a pervasive ongoing phenomenon of learning via participation or learning via knowledge creation, in contrast with the traditional view of teacher-centered learning via knowledge acquisition. 4 interpe
onal competence 【参考答案】Interpe
onal competence is the ability to choose