北京第二外国语学院《综合考试（英1）》历年考研真题及详解.pdf

2007年北京第二外国语学院412综合考试（英2）考研真题及详解 第一部分　语言学（50分） Part One　Linguistics (50 points) Ⅰ. Complete each of the following statements. (8 points, 1 point each) 1 The different membe
of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are _____. 【答案】allophones查看答案 【解析】本题考查音位变体的含义。同一个音位在不同语音环境中的实现方式被称为该音位的音位变体。 2 According to G. Leech, _____ meaning refe
to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. 【答案】affective查看答案 【解析】本题考查感情意义的含义。感情意义所传达的是关于说话人/作者感情、态度方面的意义。 3 Terms like “apple”, “banana” and “pear” are _____ of the term “fruit”. 【答案】hyponyms查看答案 【解析】本题考查上下义关系。上下义关系是指意义内包关系或者说一种类和成员间的关系。位于这种意义关系上位的词语，即类名，叫做上坐标词；居于下位的是成员，叫做下义词。一个坐标词通常有很多下义词。同类中的成员叫做同下义词。 4 Human languages enable their use
to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as _____. 【答案】displacement查看答案 【解析】本题考查语言的移位性。移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间上和空间上并不可及的物体、事件和观点。移位性赋予人们的概括和想象力使人类受益无穷。 5 The sound [p] can be described with “_____, bilabial, stop”. 【答案】voiceless查看答案 【解析】本题考查音素的特征。[p]是清辅音，双唇音和爆破音。 6 Semantics and _____ investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. 【答案】pragmatics查看答案 【解析】本题考查语义学和语用学的差异。语义学研究的是语言最基本的本质的含义，而语用学研究的是语言在特定语境中的含义。 7 _____ is the technical name for the sameness relation. 【答案】synonymy查看答案 【解析】本题考查同义关系。同义关系表达的就是相同的语义关系。 8 Chomsky initiated the distinction between _____ and performance. 【答案】competence查看答案 【解析】本题考查语言能力和语言使用的二分法。乔姆斯基最先对二者做出区分。 Ⅱ. Tell if each of the following statements is true or false. (8 points, 1 point each) 9 The last sound of “top” can be articulated as an unreleased or released plosive. These different realizatio
of the same phoneme are not in complementary distribution. 【答案】T查看答案 【解析】本题考查自由变体的含义。在“top”这个单词中，末尾的发音根据地区和发音习惯的不同会有所差异，但并不属于互补分布。因此该表述正确。 10 The words “loose” and “books” have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. 【答案】F (they have a common phoneme /s/ but