北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学历年考研真题及详解.pdf

2011年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解 I. Briefly explain the following terms. (20 points) 1 perlocutionary act 【答案】According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act illocutionary act perlocutionary act. A perlocutionary act is the effect of the utterance. Thus, by saying “Morning!” the speaker has made it clear that he wants to keep friendly relatio
with the hearer.查看答案 2 minimal pair 【答案】Minimal pai
are the two words which are identical in every way except for one sound segment that occu
in the same place in the string. For example, the English words bear and pear co
titute a minimal pair as they differ in meaning and in their initial phonemes /b/ and /p/.查看答案 3 distinctive feature 【答案】The distinctive feature refe
to a property which distinguishes one phoneme from another. For example, “voicing” is a distinctive feature, since it plays an important role in distinguishing obstruents in English.查看答案 4 linguistic variable 【答案】Linguistic variable are those where the meaning remain co
tant but form varies like cat and pussy have the same social meaning but different form. So far pronunciation is concerned house [h] and with [h] has same social meaning with different pronunciation. Here variables are just the tools to analyze the language to set social dime
ional society.查看答案 5 lingua franca 【答案】It is a language that is used for communication between different groups of people, each speaking a different language. The lingua franca could be an internationally used language of communication (e. g. English), it could be the native language of one of the groups, or it could be a language which is not spoken natively by any of the groups but has a simplified sentence structure and vocabulary and is often a mixture of two or more languages.查看答案 II. A
wer the following questio
. (30 points) 1 Why do we say linguistics is a science? (10 points) 【答案】 Linguistics is generally