厦门大学《814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础》历年考研真题及详解.pdf

2003厦门大学417阅读及英美文学、语言学基础考研真题及详解Part One Reading Comprehe
ion 70分 Directio
: Each passage below is followed by questio
based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best a
wer to each question. And then blacken the corresponding letter on the A
wer Sheet. Passage 1 The place of the child in society has varied for thousands of yea
and has been affected by different cultures and religio
. In ancient times unwanted children were occasionally abandoned, put to death, exploited, or offered for religious sacrifices, and in any event a large percentage of them didn’t survive their physically hazardous existence to achieve maturity. In Western civilization within the last few hundred yea
, there have been many changes in attitude toward the young. In agricultural Europe, and later with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the children of the poor worked long hou
for little or no pay, and there was no public concern for their safety or welfare. Punishment could be brutal and severe, and sometimes-religious passio
were expressed violently with a view toward saving the child’s soul. By the eighteenth century the ha
h, deterministic, doctrinaire methods began to show some change. Society slowly accorded children a role of more importance. Books were written expressly for them and gradually laws were passed for their protection. In the past few decades parents have become more attentive to the needs of their children. Better health care is available and education is no longer reserved for a limited few. With so many now able to go to college, many rearing has swung so far toward permissiveness that many children are growing up alienated from society and with no respect for law or parental authority. The tendency today is for teache
and parents to emphasize individual respo
ibility and to stress that educational goals for students should be tailored to their chosen vocatio
rather than provide a generalized higher education. 1 What does the article say abo