2023年考博英语全真模拟试题详解.pdf

博士研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及详解（1）Part ⅠListening Comprehe
ion (20points) （略） Part ⅡReading Comprehe
ion (30points) Directio
: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questio
or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET 1. Passage 1 There has been a lot of hand-wringing over the death of Elizabeth Steinberg. Without blaming anyone in particular, neighbo
, friends, social worke
, the police and newspaper edito
have struggled to define the community’s respo
ibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As the collective soul-searching continues, there is a pervading se
e that the system failed her. The fact is, in New York State the system couldn’t have saved her. It is almost impossible to protect a child from violent parents, especially if they are white, middle-class, well-educated and represented by cou
el. Why does the state permit violence agai
t Children? There are a number of reaso
. Fi
t, parental privilege is a rationalization. In the past, the law was giving its approval to the biblical injunction agai
t sparing the rod. Second, while everyone agrees that the state must act to remove children from their homes when there is danger of serious physical or emotional harm, many child advocates believe that state intervention in the absence of serious injury is more harmful than helpful. Third, courts and legislatures tread carefully when their actio
intrude or threaten to intrude on a relatio
hip protected by the Co
titution. In 1923, the Supreme Court recognized the “liberty of parent and guardian to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control.” More recently, in 1977, it upheld the teacher’s privilege to use corporal punishment agai
t schoolchildren. Read together, these decisio
give the co
titutional imprimatur to parental use of physical force. Under the