四川外国语大学《811英语翻译与写作》历年考研真题及详解.pdf

2003年四川外国语大学411英语翻译与写作考研真题及详解 I. Tra
late the following into Chinese (50%): The Backstai
Battle for White House Influence President Reaga
White House staff is divided into three parts: the upstai
part headed by the pragmatic James Baker(詹姆斯·贝克), the dow
tai
part beaded by the co
ervative William Clark(威廉·克拉克), and the backstai
part patrolled by their assistants, who tell the press about the differences between upstai
and dow
tai
. There have been differences among most presidents’ advise
ever since Thomas Jeffe
on(托马斯·杰弗逊) was accused of relying on an “invisible” group of associates that engaged in “backstai
influence.” So the current rumo
of a struggle for the president’s mind among the Big Four—Baker, Clark, Michael Deaver and Edwin Meese (贝克、克拉克、迪弗、米斯)— are not new, just more public. They are the result of President Reagan’s remoteness from the day-to-day formation of policy, of his habit of delegating authority widely, and not to a single chief of staff, as President Dwight Eisenhower (艾森豪威尔) did, and of his tendency to avoid getting his principal aides together on a regular basis to listen patiently to their arguments and differences. Mr. Reagan’s way is a reflection of his character and his pe
onality. He is more interested in presenting policy than forming it. He does not have a controlling chief of staff; he does not limit his principal advise
to a special field of concentration like Mr. Truman (杜鲁门), but lets the Big Four play the field and run across one another; he does not dominate or intimidate his staff, like Mr. Joh
on; and he does not read and work like Mr. Carter. Does it matter? Most observe
here would say it does. But there are some advantages. It frees him to speak and perform, which he does better than any president in recent memory, even when he is peddling no
e
e. Also, since he could stop the squabbling and most of the White House leaks by controlling the Big Four, it is conceivable that the leaks of his coming pla
provide him an