2021年考研英语翻译题真题及答案 .pdf

2021 年考研英语翻译题真题及答案 World war was the watershed event for higher education in modern Western societies(46)Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at 3 -5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war. But af ter the war, great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a secondar y school educat ion.(47)And the demand that rose in those societies for entr y to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war. These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of higher education, beginning in the 1960s and developing ver y rapidly (though unevenly) during the 1970s and 1980s. The growth of higher education manifests itself in at least three quite different ways, and these in turn have given rise to different sets of prob lems. There was first the rate of growth:(48) in many counties of Western Europe, the numbers of students in higher education doubled within five -year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight or 10 years by the middle of the 1970s. Second growth obviously affected the absolute size both of systems and individual institutions. And third growth was reflected in changes in the propor tion of the relevant age group enrolled in institutions of higher education. Each of these manifestations of growth carried its own peculiar problems in its wake/ For example, a high growth rate placed great strains on the existing structures of governance, of administration, and above all of socialization. When a faculty or depar tment grows from, say, five to 20 me mbers within three or four years,(49) and when the new staff predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely