英汉语言文化比较期末重点 .pdf

《英汉语言文化比较》讲义 第 1 讲 语言与文化概述 1.The relationship between language and culture. Language and culture are inseparably intertwined. (1) Language is a part of culture. (2) Language is a manifestation of culture. (Culture manifests itself both in patterns of language and thought, and in forms of activity and behavior.) (3) Language is the stimulus of culture (A flourished language can promote the development of culture.) 2. English speakers are good at abstract thinking while the Chinese are apt to think in terms of images. 3.English speakers prefer analytical thinking while the Chinese prefer comprehensive thinking. 4. English speakers think more in a linear way while the Chinese think more or less in a curving way. 5.According to Whorf hypothesis, “The language that an individual speaks facilitates particular ways of thinking.” 第 2 讲 英汉语发展简史 1 1.Based on morphological classification (形态分类法 ), English belongs to inflected language (屈折语), while Chinese belongs to isolating language (孤立语). 2. Based on structural classification (结构分类法), both English and Chinese belong to analytic language (分析语). 3.Based on genetic classification ( 谱 系 分 类 法 ), English belongs to Indo-European Language Family, and Chinese belongs to Sino-Tibetan Language Family. 4. English is a West Germanic (西日耳曼语支) language that originated from the Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain by Germanic invaders. 5. English is a phoneme language (表音文字) and Chinese is an ideographic language (表意文字). 6.The first people in England about whose language we have definite knowledge are the Celts. 7.After the Norman Conquest, English entered the period of Middle English. 8.The period from 450 to 1150 is known as Old English. From 1150