生物灭绝.最全PPT.pptxVIP

;显生宙生物集群灭绝事件;地球历史中出现过五次大的生物大灭绝事件 ;Radiations of the Metazoans in the Phanerozoic;Ordovician - Silurian;一，陨石撞击（ impact ）;K-T：淡水生物达97%、海洋浮游微生物为58%、海洋底栖生物为51%、海洋游泳生物为30%。除了恐龙灭绝之外，曾在前4次大绝灭中都得以幸存的菊石最终还是灭绝了。而由于某种原因，某些物种却基本没有受到影响，鳄鱼、海龟、蜥蜴、哺乳动物以及鸟类都顺利渡过了这场危难。恐龙及其同类的消失为哺乳动物以及人类的登场提供了契机。 ;What Killed the Dinosaurs?;小行星带;小行星带（Asteroid belt）;Earth has the smallest number of impact craters(陨石坑）among terrestrial planets . WHY? Few impact craters are well preserved on the Earth surface.;Barringer Meteor Crater, Arizona(亚利桑那州), U.S. (49,000 yrs);;地球物理资料（重力）;证据;白垩纪/第三纪 (KT) Boundary;Initial Evidence of Bolide Impact: Iridium;The KT Boundary（白垩纪/第三纪） ; ;Tektites, glass beads(玻陨石,玻璃珠)found in boundary sediments;Soot particles （未完全燃烧的煤炭小颗粒）found in boundary clay Similar to Fly Ash From Coal-Burning Plants;Computer model of effects of K-T Impact Winter;二：大的火山活动（CFB，LIP等）;No other process on the planet creates this type of quartz. 负偏：海退，生物衰落，12C 在无机界富集更多。 1，火山（大陆溢流玄武岩）与陨石撞击是不是有关系（海平面上升与下降，大的冰期，海洋环境的变化，超大陆的拼合裂解等）？如果有，怎样的关系？ Few impact craters are well preserved on the Earth surface. Deccan Traps (India) record eruption of more than 500,000 million cubic km of basaltic lava over perhaps about 5 million years (but began before end of Cretaceous Period). No other process on the planet creates this type of quartz. 与恐龙同时代的微体化石 End Triassic 1，火山（大陆溢流玄武岩）与陨石撞击是不是有关系（海平面上升与下降，大的冰期，海洋环境的变化，超大陆的拼合裂解等）？如果有，怎样的关系？ The KT Boundary（白垩纪/第三纪） High iridium concentrations from asteroid/comet Despite their name, these animals are not crabs（螃蟹）at all but are related to 显生宙生物集群灭绝事件 Causes of Permian Ice Age?? No other process on the planet creates this type of quartz. Deccan Traps Volcanism 这有依赖于古生物学，地球化学，地球物理学，构造地质学，天文学，生命科学等多学科的努力。 Deccan Traps (India) record eruption of more than 500,000 million cubic km of basaltic lava over perhaps about 5 million years (but began before end of Cretaceous Period). 艺术家笔下K-T撞击事件 (49,000 yrs);溢流玄武岩火山作用;三，大的冰期 (Ice Ages and Extinctions) ;Causes of