氨基酸与蛋白质.pptVIP

Amino Acid 3 letter code Single letter code Explanation AlanineGlycineLeucineProlineThreonine AlaGlyLeuProThr AGLPT First letter of the nameFirst letter of the nameFirst letter of the nameFirst letter of the nameFirst letter of the name For the other amino acids, the first letter of the name is not unique to a single amino acid, so Dr. Dayhoff assigned the letters A, G, L, P and T to the amino acids Alanine, Glycine, Leucine, Proline and Threonine, respectively, which occur more frequently in proteins than do the other amino acids having the same first letters. 本文档共72页；当前第30页；编辑于星期三\5点58分 Some of the other amino acids are phonetically语音学上 suggestive. Amino Acid 3 letter code Single letter code Explanation ArgininePhenylalanineTyrosineTryptophan ArgPheTyrTrp RFYW aRginineFenylalaninetYrosinetWiptophan (or, contains Double ring) 本文档共72页；当前第31页；编辑于星期三\5点58分 For the remaining 5 amino acids, Dr. Dayhoff was reaching somewhat to find an easy-to-remember connection between the single letter and the amino acid.? She assigned aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid and glutamine the letters D, N, E and Q, respectively, noting that D and N are nearer the beginning of the alphabet than E and Q, and that Asp is smaller than Glu, while Asn is smaller than Gln.? Amino Acid 3 letter code Single letter code Explanation Aspartic AcidAsparagineGlutamic AcidGlutamine AspAsnGluGln DNEQ asparDicContains N (or asparagiN)gluE (or glutamEke)Q-tamine By the time Dr. Dayhoff got to lysine, there were not too many letters left, so she used the letter K, explaining that K is at least near L in the alphabet. Amino Acid 3 letter code Single letter code Explanation Lysine Lys K K is near L in the alphabet 本文档共72页；当前第32页；编辑于星期三\5点58分 修饰氨基酸： 　　蛋白质合成后通过修饰加工生成的氨基酸。没有相应的编码。如：胱氨酸、羟脯氨酸（Hyp）、羟赖氨酸（Hyl）。 非蛋白氨基酸： 　　蛋白质中不存在的氨基酸。如：瓜氨酸、鸟氨酸、同型半胱氨酸，是代谢途径中产生的。 本文档共72页；当前第33页；编辑于星期三\5点58分 1、酸水解 常用6 mol/L的盐酸或4 mol/L的硫酸在105-110℃条件下进行水解，