蛋白质合成1(英文版).pptxVIP

Protein Synthesis(Translation) “the student is in danger of spending too much of his limited time memorizing facts, and has insufficient time at his disposal to master the principles underlying his subject and to develop his powers of thought”. It continues: “the most important purpose of a university education is to teach the student to think for himself ... it may on occasion demand a re-examination of the whole approach to a subject in undergraduate courses.” Barry S. Winkler Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA. winkler@oakland.eduNature 523, 282–284; 2015Nature 205, 835; 1965 “Follow your interests and work with people who inspire you, is the best advice I can offer.”Prof. Daniel J. KlionskyUniversity of Michigan Textbook DNARNAProteinCentral Dogma 1968 Robert W. Holley, Har Bobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg “For their interparetation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis”UCUCUCU → UCU CUC UCUUCU------SerineCUC-------Leucine The 2009 chemistry Nobel Prize has been awarded to Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz and Ada Yonath N AT U R E | VO L 4 9 7 | 2 MAY 2 0 1 3 PART I: Protein Synthesis ComponentsPART II: Protein Synthesis ProcessPART III: Protein Synthesis RegulationPART IV: Posttranslational Processing and TargetingPART V: Protein Synthesis in Medicine PART I: Protein Synthesis Components The components of translation 1. mRNAs (the genetic code) 2. Aminoacylated tRNAs 3. Ribosomes 4. Protein factors (and energy) Prokaryote: polycistronEukaryote: monocistronUntranslated RegionRibosome binding siteInitiation codonTermination codonCoding region53Protein3Protein5Cap structure1. mRNAs (the genetic code) Eukaryotic mRNAs have same general features as bacterial mRNAs but ...1. Special “cap” with a 5’-5’ linkage between a modified guanosine nucleotide and the first nucleotide of the transcript (post-transcriptional)2. poly(A) tail - 50 to 200 adenosines (post-transcriptional) 7-methylguanylate c