语言学认知语言学.pptx

Language and Cognition Cognitive Linguistics Cognitive linguistics is a newly established approach to the study of language that emerged in the 1970s. It is based on human experiences of the world and the way they perceive and conceptualize the world. What Is Cognitive Linguistics? Construal and Construal Operations Categorization Image Schemas Metaphor Metonymy Blending Theory Main Points in Cognitive Linguistics • Construal is the ability to conceive and portray the same situation in alternate w through specificity, different mental scanning, directionality, vantage point figure-ground segregation, etc. • Attention/ Salien ce • Judgment/Comparison • Perspective/Situatedness Construal and Construal The operation in salien ce have to do with our direction of attention towards sth. th salient to us. In cognition, we direct our attention to th activation of conceptual structures. We use certain linguistic expressions to provoke certain patterns of activation. Construal and Construal Operations : Attention/ Salien ce The construal operations of judgment/ comparison have to do with judging sth. by comparing it to sth. else. The figure-ground alignment apply to space, with the ground as the prepositional object and the preposition expressing the spatial relational configuration. ■ Static and dynamic figure/ ground Trajector for a moving figure Landmark for the ground of a moving figure Construal and Construal Operations : Judgment/Comparison Categorization • Categorization is the process of classify i our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences. There are three levels in categories. • Basic level • Super-ordinate level • Subordinate level • Metaphor involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is constructed in terms of another. It is often described in terms of a target domain and a source domain. Lakof