反渗透知识培训PPT反渗透基础知识.pptx

反渗透基础知识;反渗透;学习内容;膜的简介;料液;无相变、低能耗;膜的种类;Thereare2broadclassificationsoffiltrationmethods.

DirectFiltration,suchassand,multimediaorcatridgesfiltersand

CrossFlowFiltrationmethodssuchasReverseOsmosisNanoFiltration

UltraaFiltrationandMicrofiltration

Animation:

Textappearsasreading;微滤0.1～10 m：

细菌、煤灰、发酵细胞、颜料、

蛋白等

超滤0.005～0.1 m：颜料、蛋白、多糖、大分子

纳滤0.0005～0.005 m：低聚糖、染料、多价离子

反 透0.0001～0.001 m：电解质、大于100Da的有机溶质

水、小于100Da的有机溶质;膜科学树形示意图;典型膜应用过程－反渗透;透 （osmosis）

当利用半透膜把两种不同浓度的溶液隔开时，浓度较低的溶液中的溶剂(如水)自动地透过半透膜流向浓度较高的溶液，直到化学位平衡为止的现象。;一种以高于 透压力的力作为推动力，利用选择性膜只能透过水而不能透过溶质的选择透过性，从水;自然界中的渗透现象;Impuritiesinwatercanbecategorizedasoneof4types.Ionicconstituents.;Arethoseatomsorgroupsofatomswhichhaveacquiredacharge.Positivechargeionsbeingcationsandnegativelychargedionsbeinganions.;Nonionicconstituentsaredissolvedsolidswhichdonotacquireacharge.Organicssuchasalcohols,Ketonesaldehydesandphenolsare

commonexamplesofnonionicconstituents.;Particulatematterconsistsofsuspendedsolids,colloidalmatterandmicrobialmatterallofwhicharenotdissolvedinwater.;GasessuchasCarbonDioxide,Oxygen,chlorine,NitrogenandHydrogenSulfidearecommonwithinmanywatersources.;Reverseosmosissystemscanremove,Ionic,nonionicandparticulateconstituentsfromwatermatter.

Gasescannothoweverberemovedfromwatersourcesusingmembranetechnology.Unlikeotherconstituents,gaseswillreachanequilibriumonbothsidesofthemembrane.Forthisreason,additionaltreatmentissometimesrequiredinordertomeettherequirementsofdownstream.;Monovalentionspermeatefasterthandivalentionswhichpermeatefasterthantrivalentions.

Thismeansthatmoremonovalentionsarelessrejectedthandivalentwhicharelessrejectedthantrivalent.;脱盐水工艺流程;多介质过滤器;活性炭过滤器;保安过滤器;工业应用的反渗透装置;卷式膜组件;卷式膜组件;卷式膜组件一个膜叶结构示意图;该设备是以鼓风脱气方式除去水中游离二氧化碳的设备。水从设备上部引入，经喷淋装置喷洒，流过表面积大的填料，空气自设备下部风口进入，逆向穿过填料层；水中的游离二氧化碳迅速地析出，自顶部排除。在水处理系统中，一般设置在