新编英语教程5Unit18课文与译文参考.docx

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Unit1

Unit1

恰到好处

Haveyoueverwatchedaclumsymanhammeringanailintoabox?Hehitsitfirsttooneside,thentoanother,perhapsknockingitovercompletely,sothatintheendheonlygetshalfofitintothewood.Askillfulcarpenter,ontheotherhand,willdrivethenailwithafewfirm,deftblows,hittingiteachtimesquarelyonthehead.Sowithlanguage;thegoodcraftsmanwillchoose

wordsthatdrivehomehispointfirmlyandexactly.Awordthatismoreorlessright,aloose

phrase,anambiguousexpression,avagueadjectiv（e模糊的形容词）,willnotsatisfyawriterwho

aimsatcleanEnglish.Hewilltryalwaystogetthewordthatiscompletelyrightforhispurpose.

你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。

TheFrenchhaveanapt（贴切的）phraseforthis.Theyspeakof“lemotjuste,”(theexact

word)thewordthatisjustright.Storiesaretoldofscrupulous（一丝不苟的）writers,likeFlaubert,whospentdaystryingtogetoneortwosentencesexactlyright.Wordsaremanyandvarious;theyaresubtle（微妙的）anddelicate（细腻的）intheirdifferentshades（色调）ofmeaning,anditisnoteasytofindtheonesthatexpressprecisely（正是，恰恰）whatwewant

tosay.Itisnotonlyamatterofhavingagoodcommandoflanguageandafairlywidevocabulary;itisalsonecessarytothinkhardandtoobserveaccurately.Choosingwordsispartoftheprocessofrealization,ofdefiningourthoughtsandfeelingsforourselves,aswellasforthosewhohear

orreadourwords.Someoneonceremarked:“HowcanIknowwhatIthinktillIseewhatIsay?”

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thissoundsstupid,butthereisagreatdealoftruthinit.

法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“lemotjuste”,恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅