新编简明英语语言学教程第二版练习试题参考答案解析.docx

WORD格式整理..

WORD格式整理.

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《新编简明英语语言学教程》第二版练习题参考答案

Chapter1 Introduction

Howdoyouinterpretthefollowingdefinitionoflinguistics:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.

答： Linguisticsisbasedonthesystematicinvestigationoflinguisticdata,conductedwithreferencetosomegeneraltheoryoflanguagestructure.Inordertodiscoverthenatureandrulesoftheunderlyinglanguagesystem,thelinguistshastocollectandobservelanguagefactsfirst,whicharefoundtodisplaysomesimilarities,andgeneralizationsaremadeaboutthem;thenheformulatessomehypothesesaboutthelanguagestructure.Thehypothesesthusformedhavetobecheckedrepeatedlyagainsttheobservedfactstofullyprovetheirvalidity.Inlinguistics,asinanyotherdiscipline,dataandtheorystandinadialecticalcomplementation,thatis,atheorywithoutthesupportofdatacanhardlyclaimvalidity,anddatawithoutbeingexplainedbysometheoryremainamuddledmassofthings.

Whatarethemajorbranchesoflinguistics?Whatdoeseachofthemstudy?

答：Themajorbranchesoflinguisticsare:

phonetics:itstudiesthesoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication;

phonology:itstudieshowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunication;

morphology:itstudiesthewayinwhichlinguisticsymbolsrepresentingsoundsarearrangedandcombinedtoformwords;

syntax:itstudiestheruleswhichgovernhowwordsarecombinedtoformgrammaticallypermissiblesentencesinlanguages;

semantics:itstudiesmeaningconveyedbylanguage;

pragmatics:itstudiesthemeaninginthecontextoflanguageuse.

Inwhatbasicwaysdoesmodernlinguisticsdifferfromtraditionalgrammar?答： Thegeneralapproachthustraditionallyformedtothestudyoflanguageovertheyearsisroughlyreferredtoas“traditionalgrammar. Modernlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammarinseveralbasicways.

Firstly,linguisticsisdescriptivewhiletraditional