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汽车悬架原理外文文献翻译
(含:英文原文及中文译文)
文献出处:JournalofBiomechanics,2013,4(5):30-39.
英文原文
TherincipleofCarSuspensions
WilliamHarris
Whenpeoplethinkofautomobileperformance,theynormallythinkof
horsepower,torqueandzero-to-60acceleration.Butallofthepowergeneratedbya
pistonengineisuselessifthedrivercantcontrolthecar.Thatswhyautomobile
engineersturnedtheirattentiontothesuspensionsystemalmostassoonastheyhad
masteredthefour-strokeinternalcombustionengine.
Thejobofacarsuspensionistomaximizethefrictionbetweenthetiresandthe
roadsurface,toprovidesteeringstabilitywithgoodhandlingandtoensurethe
comfortofthepassengers.Inthisarticle,wellexplorehowcarsuspensionswork,
howtheyveevolvedovertheyearsandwherethedesignofsuspensionsisheadedin
thefuture.
1.VehicleDynamics
Ifaroadwereperfectlyflat,withnoirregularities,suspensionswouldntbe
necessary.Butroadsarefarfromflat.Evenfreshlypavedhighwayshavesubtle
imperfectionsthatcaninteractwiththewheelsofacar.Itstheseimperfectionsthat
applyforcestothewheels.Accordingtoslawsofmotion,allforceshaveboth
magnitudeanddirection.Abumpintheroadcausesthewheeltomoveupanddown
perpendiculartotheroadsurface.Themagnitude,ofcourse,dependsonwhetherthe
wheelisstrikingagiantbumporatinyspeck.Eitherway,thecarwheelexperiencesa
verticalaccelerationasitpassesoveranimperfection.Withoutanintervening
structure,allofwheelsverticalenergyistransferredtotheframe,whichmovesinthe
samedirection.Insuchasituation,thewheelscanlosecontactwiththeroad
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