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CHAPTER8Nucleotidesand
NucleicAcids
8.1SomeBasics
8.2NucleicAcidStructure
8.3NucleicAcidChemistry
8.4OtherFunctionsofNucleotides
Self-studytoolsthatwillhelpyoupracticewhatyou’velearnedandreinforcethis
chapter’sconceptsareavailableonline.Goto
/LehningerBiochemistry7e.
ucleotideshaveavarietyofrolesincellularmetabolism.Theyarethe
energycurrencyinmetabolictransactions,theessentialchemicallinks
N
intheresponseofcellstohormonesandotherextracellularstimuli,
andthestructuralcomponentsofanarrayofenzymecofactorsandmetabolic
intermediates.And,lastbutcertainlynotleast,theyaretheconstituentsof
nucleicacids:deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)andribonucleicacid(RNA),
themolecularrepositoriesofgeneticinformation.Thestructureofevery
protein,andultimatelyofeverybiomoleculeandcellularcomponent,isa
productofinformationprogrammedintothenucleotidesequenceofcellular
(orviral)nucleicacids.Theabilitytostoreandtransmitgeneticinformation
fromonegenerationtothenextisafundamentalconditionforlife.
Thischapterprovidesanoverviewofthechemicalnatureofthe
nucleotidesandnucleicacidsfoundinmostcells;amoredetailed
examinationofthefunctionofnucleicacidsisthefocusofPartIIIofthis
text.
8.1SomeBasics
Theaminoacidsequenceofeveryproteininacell,andthenucleotide
sequenceofeveryRNA,isspecifiedbyanucleotidesequenceinthecell’s
DNA.AsegmentofaDNAmoleculethatcontainstheinformationrequired
forthesynthesisofafunctionalbiologicalproduct,whetherproteinorRNA,
isreferredtoasagene.Acelltypicallyhasmanythousandsofgenes,and
DNAmolecules,notsurprising
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