自考英语国家概况(美国).pdf

英语国家概况美国部分

Chapter14Population,RaceandEthnicGroups

1.ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefromEnglandandNetherlands.

2.Bytheyear2050,thepopulationisexpectedtoclimbto383million,a50%increase.

3.About77%ofthepopulationintheUnitedStateslivedinmorethan283cityareasin1988.

4.Mobility(onethemove)istheoneofthecharacteristicsoftheAmericanpeople.

5.TheslavesystemwasformallyendedbyLincoln’sEmancipationProclamationin1863

andThirteenthAmendmenttotheConstitutionin1865.

6.ThelargestoftheracialandethnicminoritiesintheUnitedStatesistheblackswhonumber

about12.1%ofthepopulation.ThefirstblackswerebroughttoNorthAmericaasslavesin1619.

美国人口最多的少数民族是黑人，大约占总人口的12.1%，第一批黑人作为奴隶于1619年

运抵北美。

7.Alargenumberofblankpeoplemoveoutofthesouthtootherareasduringtheperiod

between1920-1960.大批黑人离开南方涌向外地发生在1920-1960年间。

8.TheCivilRightsActof1964addedprotections（加强维护）fortherighttovote,touse

publicfacilities(公共设施)andtoenjoythesameeducationaswhitepeople.

9.TheVotingRightsActof1965wasmeanttoguarantee(保证)theblacksandotherstheright

tovote.

10.Traditionally,themainstreamAmericanwerecalledWASPs,thatis,WhiteAnglo-Saxon

Protestants.传统上读，美国人的主流是祖先为英国新教徒的白人。

Chapter15AmericanHistoryI

1.ChristopherColumbusanItaliannavigator,supportedbytheSpanishqueendiscovereda

NewContinent.AmerigoVespuccinamedAmericaafterhim.

2.TheweretheIndians.ThefirstEnglishcolonyintheAmericaswas

foundedatJamestown,Virginia,in1607.Between1607and1733theBritishestablished13

coloniesalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerican.“最早的美国人”是印地安人，英国于1607年

在美国建立了第一块殖民地，即在弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯，1607-1733年间，英国在北美洲的东

海岸建立了十三个殖民地:Virginia，Maine，New