American History 英美概况美国历史.docx

AmericanHistory

I.Americainthecolonialera

II.TheWarofIndependence

III.TheCivilWar

IV.AmericaduringthetwoWorldWars

I.Americainthecolonialera

WhoweretheveryfirstAmericans?

Whowasthefirstonediscoveringthenewcontinent?

Afterwhomwasthenewcontinentnamed?

Americainthecolonialera

1.TheveryfirstAmericanswereIndians.

Theycreatedtheircivilization,knownasMayacivilization,dominatingMexicoandCentralAmericafrom4thtothe10thcenturies.

TheywerethedescendantsoftheMongoloid(蒙古人种的)peopleinAsia.

About20,000yearsago,theytraveledtotheNorthAmericancontinentacrosstheBeringStrait(白令海峡).

2.ChristopherColumbusisbelievedtohavediscoveredAmerica.

In1492,ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredAmerica.However,hebelievedhehadreachedIndiaandcalledthenativesIndians.

In1500,AmerigoVespucci,anItaliannavigator,alsoundertheSpanishflag,drewtheconclusionthatwhathe

foundwasanewcontinent.

3.Theestablishmentofcolonies

SincetheAmericawasfound,theSpanishestablishedmanycolonies:Florida,LosAngeles,andSan

Francisco.

In1588,theSpanishArmadawasdefeatedbytheEnglishnavy，whichputEnglandinabetterpositionto

providesupportforitsNewWorldcolonies.

3.Theestablishmentofcolonies

Between1607and1733theBritishestablished13coloniesalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica.

These13colonieswereestablishedindifferentpatterns:

crowncolonies(直辖殖民地),

proprietarycolonies(业主殖民地),

chartercolonies(特许公司殖民地),

self-governingorcompactcolonies(自治殖民地或契约殖民地).

1)ThefirstsuccessfulEnglishcolonyinNorthAmericawasfoundedatJamestown,Virginia,in1607.

2)In1620,agroupofPilgrimssailedtotheNewWorldinashipcalledMayflower.TheyarrivedatPlymouth,

andbuilttheNewPlymouthcolonyinNewEngland.ThesePilgrimsdrewuptheepoch-makingMayflowerCompact(五月花契约),whichwassignedbyalladultmalesontheship.

3.Theestablishmentof