有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站- 1、本文档共139页，可阅读全部内容。
- 2、有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。
- 3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击 这里二次下载。
- 4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
PragmaticsTeachingMaterialbyShermanZHENG
SECTIONISurveyChapter1DefinitionsandbackgroundIWhatispragmatics?Readp.3-4Pragmaticscanbeusefullydefinedasthestudyofhowutteranceshavemeaningsinsituations(Leech,1983).
Definitionsandbackground(1)Whenadiplomatsay“yes”,hemeans“perhaps”,whenhesays“perhapshemeans“no”;andwhenhesays“no”heisnodiplomatWhenaladysays“no”,shemeans“perhaps”,whenshesays“perhaps”shemeans“yes”andwhenshesays“yes”sheisnolady.(Voltaire)
DefinitionsandbackgroundIITheoriginandthehistoricalvagariesofthetermpragmatics ThemodernusageofthetermpragmaticsisattributabletothephilosopherCharlesMorris(1983),whowasconcernedtooutlinethegeneralshapeofascienceofsigns,orsemiotics.Withinsemiotics,Morrisdistinguishedthreedistinctbranchesofinquiry:syntactics(orsyntax),beingthestudyof“theformalrelationofsignstooneanother”,semantics,thestudyof“therelationofsignstotheobjectstowhichthesignsareapplicable”(theirdesignata),andpragmatics,thestudyoftherelationofsignstointerpreters”(Levinson,1983)
DefinitionsandbackgroundIIISemanticsandpragmatics Pragmaticsisthestudyofallthoseaspectsofmeaningnotcapturedinasmenatictheory. Or,asGazdar(1979:2)hasputit,assumingthatsemanticslimitedtothestatementoftruthconditions. Pragmaticshasasitstopicthoseaspectsofthemeaningofutteranceswhichcannotbeaccountedforbystraightforwardreferencetothetruthconditionsofthesentencesuttered.Putcrudely:PRAGMATICS=MEANING—TRUTHCONDITIONS.
Definitionsandbackground(2)Whatdoesxmean?(3)Whatdidyoumeanbyx? Semanticstraditionallydealswithmeaningasadyadicrelation,asin(2),whilepragmaticsdealswithmeaningasatriadicrelation,asin(3).Thusmeaninginpragmaticsisdefinedrelativetoaspeakeroruserofalanguage,whereasmeaningsinsemanticsisdefinedpurelyasapropertyofexpression
文档评论（0）