ICP-OES基本原理课件.ppt

6.仪器的维护和保养注意事项进样前进样系统的检查。测定后进样系统的检查和清洗。废液桶中的废液要经常清理。炬管，雾化器，雾室的清洗。冷却水，真空泵油，分子筛的定期更换。*学习交流PPT干扰因素ICP-AES光谱干扰光谱干扰数量多,谱库中有50,000条特征光谱。加上来自如金属材料、矿石和化学品分析中基体的影响，解决起来比较困难。不同的分子特征基团如OH键，也会造成在低含量分析时的干扰。*学习交流PPT干扰因素ICP-AES光谱干扰的消除离线光谱背景校正。动态背景校正。*学习交流PPT干扰因素ICP-AES基体效应的干扰使用内标。*学习交流PPTICP-AES电离效应的干扰易电离的元素引起的电离干扰。ICP-MS更为严重。包括增强或抑制效应。干扰因素*学习交流PPT干扰因素ICP-AES电离效应的干扰的消除仪器条件的最佳化加入电离效应缓冲液*学习交流PPT*学习交流PPT******Iftheenergyabsorbedbyanatomishighenough,anelectronmaybecompletelydissociatedfromtheatom,leavinganionwithanetpositivecharge.Theenergyrequiredforthisprocess,knownasionizationiscalledtheionizationpotentialandisdifferentforeachelement.Ionsalsohavegroundandexcitedstatesthroughwhichtheycanabsorbandemitenergybythesameexcitationanddecayprocessesasanatom.Thisslideshowstheexcitation,ionization,andemissionprocessesschematically.Thehorizontallinesofthissimplifieddiagramrepresenttheenergylevelsofanatom.Theverticalarrowsrepresentenergytransitionsorchangesintheamountofenergyofanelectron.Theenergytransitionsinanatomorioncanbeeitherradiative(involvingabsorptionoremissionofelectromagneticradiation)orthermal(involvingenergytransferthroughcollisionswithotherparticles)***Whenenergyisaddedtotheatomastheresultofabsorptionofelectromagneticradiationoracollisionwithanotherparticle(electron,atom,ion,ormolecule),oneormoreofseveralpossiblephenomenatakesplace.Thetwomostprobableeventsarefortheenergytobeusedtoincreasethekineticenergyoftheatom(i.e.increasethevelocityoftheatom),orfortheatomtoabsorbtheenergyandbecomeexcited.Thislatterprocessisknownasexcitation.Whenanatombecomesexcited,anelectronfromthatatomispromotedfromitsgroundstateorbitalintoanorbitalfurtherfromthenucleusandwith