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ExerciseofChapter7,8
Chapter7A.Multiplechoice1.Whichofthefollowingphilosophersfirstputforwardtheideaofthedivisionofpower?A.DavidHumeB.JohnLockeC.GeorgeBerkeleyD.Voltaire2.DeclarationoftheRightofManandoftheCitizenandUnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependenceobtainedmuchoftheirsourceandinspirationfrom_SpiritofLaws.
3.Rousseauisfamousforhisideaof_.A.ThedivinerightofthekingB.ThedivinerightofhumanbeingsC.ThesocialcontractD.Empiricism4.Theenlightenmentisnotopposedto_.A.SuperstitionB.feudalismC.rationalismD.absolutism
B.Trueorfalse_1.theenlightenment,aswellastheRenaissance,firststartedinItaly._2.VoltaireisopposedtoChristianityandbelievesinagodofnature._3.Incondemningfeudalautocracy,Voltaireadvocatestheideaofconstitutionalmonarchy.
_4.Lockerejectstheideaofinnateknowledgeandarguefortheacquisitionofknowledgefromthesenses._5.Rousseauassumethatthesourceofsocialinequalityliesintheabsenceofsocialcontract.
C.1.GiveanaccountofthesettingsandgeneralfeaturesoftheEnlightenment.ThefactthattheenlightenmentfirstoccurredinFrancewasascribedtothedeteriorationineconomic,political,andculturalconditionsinthe18thcenturyFrance.TheFrenchpeoplestronglydemandedthatthedecliningsatiationbearrestedandreformsbecarriedout.Undersuchconditions,progressiveintellectualsbegantothinkmoreseriouslyaboutthesolutionstothecrisesandtriedtoresorttointellectualandsocialmeanstofindawayout.Thismovementalsoansweredthecallformorepoliticalpowertothepeopleasthebourgeoisiejoinsintherankofparticipantswithitseconomicpower,andthustheculturalmovementsoonputonpoliticalcolordyedwiththeinfluenceofBritishempiricismalsoimmenselyheightenedintellectualandpoliticalawarenessofthepeopleingeneral.Thispreparedthepoliticalbasisifthe
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