计算机系统结构13.pptx

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计算机系统结构13.pptx

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1InstructionSetArchitecture

CSE2CSALecture13InstructionSetArchitecture12

InstructionSetArchitecture-ClassificationClassifyingInstructionSetArchitecturesInstructionsetarchitecture(ISA)isthatportionofthemachinevisibletotheprogrammerorcompilerwriter.Wewillmainlyfocuson:-TaxonomyofInstructionSetalternativesandsomequalitativeassessment(advantages/disadvantages)ofeachapproach.Analysesomeinstructionsetmeasurementsthatarelargelyindependentofaspecificinstructionset.InstructionSetsnotaimedatgeneral(desktop)computers(brief).Issuesoflanguageandcompilersandtheireffectoninstructionsetarchitecture.BrieflyconsidertheMIPSandIntel(80x86)instructionsets(IntelusesRISCinternallywhilesupporting80x86externally).3

InstructionSetArchitecture-ClassificationInstructionSetTheinstructionsetisasetofinstructionsthataprocessorunderstandsandcanexecute–ineffectitdefinestheprocessor.Thesetofinstructions(?instructionset)foreachtypeofprocessoris“hardwiredinto”theprocessorandmaybecompletelydifferentfromonemachine/CPUtypetoanother.Typically,differentinstructionsetsdifferinthesizesofinstructions,kindofoperationstheyperformorallow,typeofoperandstheyoperateon,andthetypeofresultstheyprovide.Eachoftheseparametersmayhaveadramaticaffectontheperformanceofanyonetypeofmachine.ComputersystemsareoftendefinedbythetypeofCPUthatisincorporatedintothesystem.ForexampleprogramscompiledonanIBMPC(orcompatible)systemusetheinstructionsetofan80x86CPU.Allhighlevellanguagesarecompiled/interpretedintotheseinstructionsbeforeaCPUcanexecutetheprogram.{Theexceptionis(Java)byte-codewhichismachinelanguageforavirtualmachine.}Eachinstructionisnormallywrittenasatypeofassemblerlanguageandisconsidered,inthiscourse,asa1to1representationofthemachinecodethat

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