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Industry,AgricultureandBusinessIndustry----themercantilism-----theIndustrialRevolution___Location___Ownership___RedistributionIndustry19C下~nowBritainemergedastheworld’sgreatestpoliticalandeconomicinfluenceinthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.theendof18C,Britainhadbeenamercantilepower.
Mercantilism:1.ItwasaneconomictheorypracticedbyBritishgovernmentin18Cand19C.2.Itheldthattheacquisitionofgoldandsilver,inpaymentforgoodsexported,increasedthewealthofanation.3.Onlybyanexcessofexportsoverimportscouldacountrygrowwealthyandself-sufficient.4.Britainsolditssurplusproductsabroadforgoldandsilverthroughextensivetrade.GreattradingcompaniesunderthetheoryofmercantilismTheHudson’sBayCompanyofCanada加拿大哈德逊公司TheEastIndiaCompanyofIndia东亚印度公司TheIndustrialRevolution1750-1850
UprisingofFactoriesCriticsofIREconomicadvantagesofIRUprisingofFactoriesTheprincipalenergyresources：coalandwaterpower.Coal-miningisoneoftheoldestandmostbasicofallindustriesinBritain.Factoriescameintobeingbecauseitwasmoreeconomicaltomanufacturegoodsunderonelargeroof,wherepowercouldbeconcentrated,ratherthaninthesmallroomsandback-yardsofthousandsofindividualworkers.CriticsofIR1.Inearly1800,Luddites卢德派smashedanddestroyednewfactorymachinery.Becausetheythoughtfactorymachineshadrobbedthemoftheirjobs.2.Socialcriticscondemnedindustrializationandmechanizationsdehumanizing.3.PoetWilliamBlake---factories-‘darksatanicmills’EconomicadvantagesofIR1.madeBritainanexceedingrichandpowerfulnation.2.increasedpopulationofurbanareas.3.expandedindustrialoutput.4.encouragedtechnicalinvention5.promotedcompetitiontoimprovethequalityofgoodsButworkingpeoplesufferedbehindthese.Industria
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