Predication analysis 述谓结构分析.pptx

Predicationanalysis(述谓结构分析)

Languagefocusanddifficult

>Predicationanalysis

>Predication

>Argumentsandpredicates

points

Beforetheanalysisofsentence

meaningisdiscussed,two

pointsshouldbemadeclear.

>First,themeaningofasentenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.Itcan'tbeworkedoutbyaddingupallthemeaningsofits

constituent(构成的)words.

>Second,therearetwoaspectsto

sentencemeaning:

Grammaticalmeaning(grammatical

Semanticmeaning(semanticsense),

whichreferstowhethersomelexical

itemscangowithotheronesinorder

tomakesense.

sense),whichmeansthathowwellthe

sentenceisformedgrammatically.

Forexample,mycarisaredfool.

Grammahcal

mèahing

Somesentenceswhicharegrammaticallyrightmaynotbesemanticallymeaningful.

Predicationanalysis(述谓结构分析)

>Thepredicationanalysisisan

approachproposedbyBritishlinguistG.Leechforsententialmeaning

analysis.

>Thebasicunitforsemanticanalysisiscalledpredication,whichisthe

abstractionofthemeaningofa

sentence.

Predication(述谓结构)

Considerthethreesentences:

>Thechildrenatetheirdinner.

>Didthechildreneattheirdinner?

>Eatyourdinner,children!

Leavingasidedifferencesoftenseand

pronouns,thesesentenceshaveacommon

content----"Childreneatdinner".

Itisthistypeofstructurewhichiscalled

predication.

Predication

>Thegrammaticalformofthesentencedoesnotaffectthesemanticpredicationofthesentence,thereforethefollowingforms

havethesamepredicationHE(JUMP):

>Hejumps.

>Heisjumping.

>Hewilljump.

>Hehasbeenjumping.

>Didhejump?

Argumentandpredicate

>Apredicationconsistsofargument(s)andpredicate.

>Anargumentisalogicalparticipantinapredication.Itisgenerallyidenticalwiththenominal(名词性的)element(s)inasentence.

>Apredicateissomethingthatissaid

aboutanargumentoritstatesthe

logicalrelationlinkingthearg