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ThePhotoperiodicPathwayOfFloralInduction花诱导的光周期途径conceptsThreetypesofplants:Longdayplants:thosethatfloweredwhendayswerelongerthanacriticalperiodShortdayplants:thosethatfloweredwhendayswhereshorterthanacriticallengthDayneutralplants:thosewhosefloweringdidnotappeartobeaffectedbydaylengthcontents1.Howlightisperceived(感知)2.Howtimeismeasured3.Howthetwosignalsareintegrated（组合）toactivateresponses.1.Sensingdaylightitisthepresenceofparticularphotoreceptors(光感受器)thatallowplantstoperceivethequalityofdaylight,andtoconvert（变换）thatperception（感知）intosignals.Extensivephysiologicalworkovermanyyearshasdemonstratedthatredlight,farredlight,andbluelightareallimportantinphotoperiodicinduction,althoughtheirrelativeimportancevariesindifferentspeciesandunderdifferentconditions.1.1sensingredandfarredlight:phytochromes(光敏色素)phytochromefunctionwasdescribedphysiologically（生理学地）andwasthoughttodependoninterconversion（互变）ofthechromophore（发色团）betweentwostates(Pr、Pfr)accordingtotheavailablelight.ThePfrformwasthoughttobetheactiveform,theonethatcausesthingstohappenintheplant.1.1sensingredandfarredlight:phytochromes(光敏色素)PrPfrRedlightFarredlightInthelight,thetransition（转变）betweenthetwoformssetsupastableequilibrium（平衡）,butinthedarkPfrdeclinesprogressivelyasthePrformismorestable.Sointhedark,theplantcannolongeractivate（激活）downstream（下游的）lightresponses1.1sensingredandfarredlight:phytochromes(光敏色素)ThefivephytochromeproteinsinArabidopsis（拟南芥）areencodedbyfivedifferentgenes.ThegenesarecalledPHYTOCHROMEAtoE(PHYA–PHYE),andthemoleculestheyencodearereferredtoasphytochromeA,B,C,D,andE.fivephytochromes:1.1sensingredandfarredlight:phytochromes(光敏色素)PhytochromesB,D,andEallperceiveredlight,whilephytochromeAdistinguishesbetweenfarred
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