英语4级备考资料.docVIP

一、大学英语四级常考语法点（虚拟语气和倒装）

1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法

条件从句中的谓语

主句谓语

与现在事实相反

V.-ed

(be→were)

Would/should/could/might+v.

与过去事实相反

Haddone

Would/should/could/might+havedone

与将来事实相反

v.-ed(be→were)/Should+v./wereto+v.

Would/should/could/might+v.

2.一些特殊的虚拟条件句

1）ConditionalSentencesofMixedTime（错综时间条件句）：

Ifyouhadtakenheradvice,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.（if从句说的是与过去事实相反，主句说的是与现在事实相反）

Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctors’care,Iwouldn’tbespeakingtoyounow.

注：如果if从句中的谓语动词是had,should,were,可以省掉if,分别把这三个词提前，其余成分保持不变。

如：上述第二句haditnotbeenforthe…

2)SentencesofImpliedCondition（含蓄条件句）：(由but,otherwise等一些词引导)

Butformymoneythatwomanwouldhavepersecutedhim.

IwouldhavewrittenbeforebutIhavebeenill.

Intheolddaysshewouldhaveargued.

Givenmoretimeandmoney,hewouldhavedonebetterthanwhatitis.

Electroniccomputersmustbemadeverysmall.Otherwiseitwouldbeimpossibleforthemtobeputinasatellite.

3.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用

1）在宾语从句中的运用

A.wish后的宾语从句：（往前面推一个时态）

用过去式表示现在情况：

IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.

IwishIcouldhelpyou.

用过去完成时表示过去的情况：

Myfatherwishesthathehadgonetouniversity.（不看wish这个单词本身的时态，看整个句子暗示的发生时间，再往前面推一个时态）

注：间或用would构成谓语：

Iwishyouwouldn’tbesonoisy.

B.wouldrather/sooner;hadbetter;suppose后的宾语从句（that引导，that可以省掉）

Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.

I’dsooneryoudidn’taskmethatquestion.

Ihadbetteryoudidit.

Supposeherfatherturnedheroutofdoors!

C.用在某些动词后的宾语从句：

suggest,（建议用虚拟，暗示不用）demand,insist,（坚持要求用虚拟，坚持认为不用）ask,propose,urge,vote,request,command,desire,move,order,recommend,require,decree,intend,petition,decide,direct+that+(should)+v.

Hesuggestedthatapetition(should)bedrawnup.

Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasill.

Heinsistedthathe(should)besentbecauseheinsistedthathewasinnocent.

2)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用

Advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,