2024届高考英语阅读理解五步法专项带练(30)讲义素材.docxVIP

（素材来源：广东省华附、省实、广雅、深中2024届高三四校联考英语试题）

①Isthereactualevidencethatacointoss--theactofspinningacoinintheairwithyourthumbandcatchingitinyourhand-tendstofavoronesideovertheother?Orisacoinflip50/50?Anewstudyquestionsthefairnessoftheflip.

②Onesideofthecoinis,infact,morelikelytocomeupthantheother,accordingtoateamofscientistsledbyUniversityofAmsterdamPhDcandidateFranti?ekBarto?.Theirstudy,whichisstillundergoingpeerreview,collectedandanalyzedtheresultsof350,757coinflipsin46differentcurrenciesandregisteredthatthecoinslandedonthesamesidetheystartedon51%ofthetime.ThisresearchwasdoneinanefforttoconfirmahypothesisproposedearlierbyStanfordUniversitystatisticsprofessorPersiDiaconisandhisteam.Accordingtothattheory,“vigorouslyflippedcoinstendtocomeupthesamewaytheystarted.”

③AccordingtoDiaconis’steam,whenpeopleflipanordinarycoin,theyintroduceasmalldegreeof“precession”,meaningachangeinthedirectionoftheaxis(轴)ofturningthroughoutacoinstrack.Consequently,thecointendstospendmoretimeintheairwiththeinitialsidefacingup.Thismakesacoinflipnotquite50/50.

④In2007,Diaconis’steamestimatedtheoddsofa“same-sideoutcome”asapproximately51%.Nearlyadecadeandahalflater,Bartosandhisteamfoundthisveryresult.Theypublishedapreliminaryreportstating,“Ourdatalendstrongsupporttotheprevioushypothesis-Thecoinslandedonthesamesidemoreoftenthannot.”

⑤Moreover,thiswastrueforbothsidesofthecoinandforallofthedifferentcoinstossed.AsDiaconisstatedbackin1986,Themoreyouthinkaboutrandomness,thelessrandomthingsbecome.Butsometimes,youcantakeadvantageofalackofrandomness.Indeed,whenitcomestoflippingacoin,thequickestshortcuttomakingyourownluckmightjustbecallingitliterallyasyouseeit.

28.Whatsthepurpos