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NicholsonC,BruggencateGT,SteinbergR,St?ckleH.(1977).Calciummodulationinbrainextracellularmicroenvironmentdemonstratedwithion-selectivemicropipette.ProcNatlAcadSciUSA.74(3):1287-90.anoxiatriggersrapidtranslocationofcalciumfromextratointracellularspacesinneuraltissue.Thisworkpromptedspeculationaboutwhycertainneuronsareselectivelymoresensitivetoischemia,namelybecauseofahigherdensityofcalciumchannelsintheirplasmamembranes.1977;Nicholsonetal:缺血缺氧导致胞内钙超载Glutamate-inducedCa2+transientsincorticalneuronsobservedbyconfocallasermicroscopy.Thetimecourseofthenormalizedfluorescenceintensity.Zerotimeindicatesbeginningofpostexposurephase.Eachcurverepresentsapointrecordingfromadifferentcellinthedish.Fluo-3flunorescenceintensitywereobtainedbeforeandduringstimulationwith1mMglutamateatintervalsof4sec.IntracellularcalciumoverloadingnormalaspartatewashAsp+tauERmitochondria3Na+2Ca2+Na+-Ca2+exchangerCa2+ATP-dependentCa2+pumpsIP3receptoruniporterCa2+pumpsNMDARmGluRsvoltage-dependentCa2+channels(VDCC)IP3GqPLCAMPARIschemia!!CouplingbetweenNMDAReceptorandAcid-SensingIonChannelContributestoIschemicNeuronalDeathASIC1a:Acid-sensingionchannels(ASICs)highlypermeabletoCalciumCalciuminfluxGlobalIschemiaRapidlyElevatedSerinePhosphorylationofASIC1aSubunitGlobalIschemiaIncreasedtheAssociationofCaMKIIawithASIC1aNMDARActivationIsRequiredforIschemia-InducedEnhancementofASIC1aPhosphorylationNR2B-specificblockersNMDARAMPARActivationofNR2B-NMDARsEnhancedASICCurrentsNR2BAntagonistorCaMKIIInhibitorPreventedOGD-InducedEnhancementofASICCurrentsinHippocampalNeuronsNeuroprotectionbyASIC1aGeneDeficiencyandASIC1aMutantsinCulturedHippocampalNeuronsorCOS7CellsNMDAR-CaMKIIcascadeisfunctionallycoupledtoASICsandcontri
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