化工热力学授课教案.doc

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Chapter3VolumetricPropertiesofPureFluids

Contents:

Introduction

3.1PVTbehaviorofpuresubstances

3.2VirialEquationsofstate

3.3theidealgas

3.4ApplicationoftheVirialEquations

3.5Cubicequationofstate

3.6GeneralizedCorrelationsforGases

Introduction

Whytostudythischapter?

VeryimportantforindustryPressureVolumetemperatureTheycanbeusedtocalculatevolumetricpropertiesVeryeasytobemeasured

Veryimportantforindustry

Pressure

Volume

temperature

Theycanbeusedtocalculatevolumetricproperties

Veryeasytobemeasured

Wehope

Howcanweobtaintheseinformations?

PVTTworoutes:

PVT

measuringdirectly

calculatingwithotherparameterswhichcanbemeasureddirectly

3.1PVTbehaviorofpuresubstances

Bymeasuringthevaporpressure,volumeandtemperatureofapuresubstanceswhendifferentphasesachieveequilibrium,wecandrawthecurveofP-V-T

V=constant

V=constant

PTdiagram

PVdiagram

T=constant

TVdiagram

P=constant

PTLiquidSolidCriticalpointSublimationcurve

P

T

Liquid

Solid

Criticalpoint

Sublimationcurve

Fusioncurve

Vaporizationcurve

Fluid

C

1

2

Forexample:PTdiagramofwaterwhenV=constant

Twopoints:

1)C—thecriticalpoint

PC—thecriticalpressure

TC—thecriticaltemperature

CpT2PC

C

p

T

2

temperatureatwhichapurechemicalspecies

canexistinvapor-liquidequilibrium

2)2—thetriplepoint

wherethethreephasescoexistinequilibrium

Accordingtothephaserule,F=1-3+2=0

Degreesoffreedominvariantpoint

Degreesoffreedom

AccordingtotheSublimationcurvephaserule

AccordingtotheSublimationcurvephaseruleF=1-2+2=1

Fusioncurve

Vaporizationcurve

Sublimationcurve

Fourregions:

Solidregion

Accordingtothephaserule,F=1-1+2=2Vaporregion

Accordingtothephaserule,F=1-1+2=2

liquidregion

Fluidregion

3.1.2PV

(1)showingonlyliquid,gasregionswhenV=constant

Vapor

Vapor

Liquid

V

P

Saturatedliquid

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