大二下期末复习包操作系统ch03.pptx

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Chapter3:Processes

Chapter3:ProcessesProcessConceptProcessSchedulingOperationsonProcessesCooperatingProcessesInterprocessCommunicationCommunicationinClient-ServerSystems

ProcessConceptAnoperatingsystemexecutesavarietyofprograms:Batchsystem–jobsTime-sharedsystems–userprogramsortasksTextbookusesthetermsjobandprocessalmostinterchangeablyProcess–aprograminexecution;processexecutionmustprogressinsequentialfashionAprocessincludes:programcounterstackdatasection

ProcessinMemory

ProcessStateAsaprocessexecutes,itchangesstatenew:Theprocessisbeingcreatedrunning:Instructionsarebeingexecutedwaiting:Theprocessiswaitingforsomeeventtooccurready:Theprocessiswaitingtobeassignedtoaprocessterminated:Theprocesshasfinishedexecution

DiagramofProcessState

ProcessControlBlock(PCB)InformationassociatedwitheachprocessProcessstateProgramcounterCPUregistersCPUschedulinginformationMemory-managementinformationAccountinginformationI/Ostatusinformation

ProcessControlBlock(PCB)

CPUSwitchFromProcesstoProcess

ProcessSchedulingQueuesJobqueue–setofallprocessesinthesystemReadyqueue–setofallprocessesresidinginmainmemory,readyandwaitingtoexecuteDevicequeues–setofprocesseswaitingforanI/OdeviceProcessesmigrateamongthevariousqueues

ReadyQueueAndVariousI/ODeviceQueues

RepresentationofProcessScheduling

SchedulersLong-termscheduler(orjobscheduler)–selectswhichprocessesshouldbebroughtintothereadyqueueShort-termscheduler(orCPUscheduler)–selectswhichprocessshouldbeexecutednextandallocatesCPU

AdditionofMediumTermScheduling

Schedulers(Cont.)Short-termschedulerisinvokedveryfrequently(milliseconds)?(mustbefast)Long-termschedulerisinvokedveryinfrequently(seconds,minutes)?(maybeslow)Thelong-termschedulercontrolsthedegreeofmultiprogrammingProcessescanbedescribedaseither:I/O-bo

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