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TheSixSigmaRevolution
WhySixSigma?
ForMotorola,theoriginatorofSixSigma,theanswertothequestionWhySixSigma?wassimple:survival.MotorolacametoSixSigmabecauseitwasbeingconsistentlybeateninthecompetitivemarketplacebyforeignfirmsthatwereabletoproducehigherqualityproductsatalowercost.WhenaJapanesefirmtookoveraMotorolafactorythatmanufacturedQuasartelevisionsetsintheUnitedStatesinthe1970s,theypromptlysetaboutmakingdrasticchangesinthewaythefactoryoperated. UnderJapanesemanagement,thefactorywas
soonproducingTVsetswith1/20ththenumberofdefectstheyhadproducedunderMotorola
management.Theydidthisusingthesameworkforce,technology,anddesigns,makingitclearthattheproblemwasMotorolasmanagement.Eventually,evenMotorolasownexecutiveshadtoadmitourqualitystinks,
Finally,inthemid1980s,Motoroladecidedtotakequalityseriously.MotorolasCEOatthetime,BobGalvin,startedthecompanyonthequalitypathknownasSixSigmaandbecameabusinessiconlargelyasaresultofwhatheaccomplishedinqualityatMotorola.Today,Motorolaisknownworldwideasaqualityleaderandaprofitleader.AfterMotorolawontheMalcolmBaldrigeNationalQualityAwardin1988thesecretoftheirsuccessbecamepublicknowledgeandtheSixSigmarevolutionwason.Todayitshotterthanever.
ItwouldbeamistaketothinkthatSixSigmaisaboutqualityinthetraditionalsense.Quality,definedtraditionallyasconformancetointernalrequirements,haslittletodowithSixSigma.SixSigmaisabouthelpingtheorganizationmakemoremoney.TolinkthisobjectiveofSix
Sigmawithqualityrequiresanewdefinitionofquality.ForSixSigmapurposesIdefineq ualityasthevalueaddedbyaproductiveendeavor.Qualitycomesintwoflavors: potentialqualityandactualquality.Potentialqualityistheknownmaximumpossiblevalueaddedperunitofinput.Actualqualityi
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