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物流国际化实务江苏海事职业技术学院仲颖EnglishforinternationalshippingbusinesChapter9-1
TheobjectivesThecontentsEvaluationExercisesCourseIntroduction
Theobjectivesmodesoftransportbilloflading
MarineTransportMarinetransportcanfallintotwogroups:LinersTramps
LinersLinersoperateonascheduledservicebetweenagroupofports.Linerssailonscheduleddatesandtimesirrespectiveofwhethertheyarefullornot.Shipmentsomadeonlinersisrelativelysmallbutfrequent.
LinersLinertransportischaracterizedbyafixedsailingschedule,fixedcallingports,afixednavigationrouteandrelativelyfixedfreightrates.Therespectiveliabilitiesoftheconsignorsandthecarriersarelistedinthebillsofladingissuedbythelinercompanies.Linercompaniespublishtheirsailingschedulesinnewspapersordistributethemamongtheconsignors.
FreightofLinersLinercompanieschargeconsignorsaccordingtotheirliner’sfreighttariff.Freightoflinershasinittheloadingandunloadingcharges.Thefreightoflinerscomprisesbasicchargesandadditionalcharges.
FreightofLinersGreatattentionshouldbepaidtotheadditionalcharges,whicharemanyinvariety.Forexample,ExtraChargesonHeavyLifts(超重附加费).ExtraChargesonOverLengths(超长附加费).AdditionalChargesonOptionalDischarging(装卸附加费).TransshipmentSurcharge(转船附加费).PortSurcharge(港口附加费).Additionalchargesshouldnotbeoverlookedinthequotationofthegoods.
TrampsUnliketheliners,atrampdoesnotsailonafixedrouteorafixedschedule,butgoesallovertheworldinsearchofcargoes,primarilybulkshipment,likecoal,grain,timber,steel,ores,fertilizers,etc.,whicharecarriedincompleteshiploads.Trampvesselsareengagedundercharteringonatimeorvoyagebasis,andsometimesarecharteredtosupplementexistinglinerservicestomeetpeakcargoshipmentdemands.CharteringmightbeVoyageCharter/TripCharterorTimeCharter.
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