初中英语定语从句讲解、练习与答案.docx

定语从句

二、语法定语从句

(一、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如:1Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.

YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose和关系副词where,when、why

关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

(二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语

(1TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(1Mr.Liuistheperson(whomyoutalkedabout.

注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。(3Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语(2Thisisthepen(whichheboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语

that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语(6Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语

whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

注:that用法

(1不用that的情况

(a在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(b介词后不能用。

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.(2只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。

(b在不定代词,如:anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。

(c先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。(d先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。.(e先行词既有人,又有物时。

(f