分子医学 免疫相关疾病.ppt

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Positiveselection:????

DuringpositiveselectionDouble-PositiveTcellsthatcanrecognizeselfMHC‘sareselectedforproliferation,andthoseTcellsthatdonotrecognizeselfMHCdieviaApoptosis.PositiveselectionalsoassuresTCRtorecognizepeptide/MHCcomplexandalsogowiththeappropriateCD4orCD8.Forexample,TCR‘sspecificforMHCIIneedtoretainCD4,andloseCD8.Ifthereverseoccurs,theywilldieviaapoptosis.ThesameistruefortheTcellsthatarespecificforMHCI,whichneedtoretainCD8,andloseCD4.ThymocytesarepositiveselectedbyMHC/selfpeptides*Negativeselection:

TcellsthatarestronglyactivatedbyselfMHCplusselfpeptidesneedtobeeliminatedinthethymus.complex.Iftheyescapethiselimination,theymaysubsequentlyreactagainstselfantigens,andcauseAutoimmunedisease.

CentralToleranceisachievedbynegativeselection*Downloadedfrom:StudentConsult(on1June200601:58PM)?2005Elsevier*

Peripheraltolerance

Someantigensarenotexpressedinthymusorbonemarrow,whichleadstothepossibilitytotriggerimmuneresponse.Negativeselectionisincomplete:Middletolowaffinityself-reactiveclonesarereleasedtoperipheralandcanbeactivatedundercertainconditions(injury,infection,inflammation……).Thecentraltolerancestorysoundsgreat,butwhywestillneedperipheraltoleranceagain?*APCTCRTcellCD28ActivatedTcellsAPCTCRFunctionalunresponsivenessNormalTcellresponseAnergyApoptosis(activation-inducedcelldeath)APCDeletionAPCBlockinactivationSuppressionRegulatoryTcellPeripheralTcelltoleranceOffsignalsActivatedTcell*PeripheralTcelltoleranceActivation-inducedCellDeath(AICD)*Thedeathreceptor(Fas)pathway*DefectinFasorFasLtriggersAutoimmunityFasNormalFasLAutoimmunityandlymphoproliferativediseaseFasLFas+Fas-*CD4+FoxP3+TregsPeripheralTcelltolerance*FirstObservation:

CD4+CD25-cell

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