马后炮化工英文原版化学lecture2.pptx

TodayModule6PolymericMaterials6.1Polymerics6.2NatureofpolymersPolymerizationCrystallinestructuresBranchedandnetworkstructure6.4PlasticsClassificationofplastics

ObjectivesEnlargethevocabularyofpolymermaterialsRecallthebasicconceptsofpolymerchemistryRecallthemainpolymericmaterials,includingtheirnames,compositions,propertiesandtypicalusesStatesomepopularrulesregardingMSW.Familiarizetheapproachestorecyclingpolymers

6.1PolymericsQ:Whatarethesmallerunitsinpolymerscalled?DefinitionofpolymersApolymerisachainlikemoleculemadeupofsmallermoleculesunits(monomers)(Vol.I,p59)ClassificationofpolymersOrigincompositionApplication

Classificationofpolymerics(p316,Fig.6-2)OrganicpolymersNaturalSyntheticplastics,elastomers,fiber,protectivecoatings,adhesivesInorganicpolymersThetermpolymerisreservedfortheorganicmaterials

BasedonthetypeofmonomersQ:Whatarethemajorgroupsofpolymers?homopolymers[7hEumE5pClimE]均聚物Poly(vinylchloride)[5pCli5vainil(5vinil)5klC:raid]聚氯乙烯(PVC)copolymers[kEu5pClimE]共聚物poly(vinylacetate)[5pCli5vainil(5vinil)5Asi7teit]聚乙酸乙烯酯terpolymers[tE:5pClimE]三元共聚物acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene[7AkrElEu5naitril7bju:tE5daii:n5stairi:n]丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物，ABS树脂(p317,Fig.6-3)

6.2NatureofpolymersSourcesofrawmaterialsusedintheproductionofsyntheticpolymersBroken-downmaterialscrudeoil,coal,naturalgas,limestone[5laimstEun]石灰石,salt,andair.Not-broken-downmaterialscottonandwood

Methodsofprocessingrawmaterialsintotheelementcarbontogetherwithhydrogencracking[5krAkiN]n.裂解distillation[7disti5leiFEn]n.蒸馏esterification[es7terifi5keiFEn]n.酯化作用Q:Whatcausesproblemsintheplasticsandpolymersindustryintermsofrawmaterials?ShortageofoilRawmaterials

6.2.1PolymerizationDefinition:Thelinkingtogetherofsmallerunits(monomers)intolongchainsMonomers:UnsaturatedhydrocarbonsSatur